Volume : 7, Issue : 5, May - 2018

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection among lymphoma patients in Sana‘a city, Yemen

Nagi A. Alhaj, Safa M. Al Atany, Khaldoon S. Abdullah, Abdul Baki, Al Robasi

Abstract :

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;&#10;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Back ground</span></b><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;&#10;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">:<span style="background:white">Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been postulated to be an etiological agent for lymphoid malignancies. </span>People infected with the hepatitis C virus are at an increased risk of developing certain lymphomas<span style="background:white">. In developing country like Yemen, there is a scarcity of data to show either a positive or a negative association between HCV infection among patients with lymphoma. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:&#10;normal">Objective</b><span style="background:white">: </span>To determine the prevalence of HCV by antibody testing<span style="background:white"> and predisposing factors that may lead to HCV infection among patients with lymphoma</span></span><span class="pChar"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;&#10;line-height:150%;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calii;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> at the National Oncology Center, Military Hospital Sana‘, Yemen</span></span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi;background:white">.</span><em><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Methods</span></b></em><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi">: <span style="background:white">C</span></span><span class="paraChar"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;&#10;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-fareast-font-family:Calii;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:&#10;&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">ross-sectional study was conducted on</span></span><span class="pChar"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;&#10;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-fareast-font-family:Calii;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:&#10;&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">144 lymphoma patients </span></span><span class="paraChar"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;&#10;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-fareast-font-family:Calii;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:&#10;&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">within period fromMay 2014 -April 2015.</span></span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi">B</span><span class="paraChar"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:&#10;12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calii;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">lood samples were collected</span></span><span class="pChar"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calii;mso-fareast-theme-font:&#10;minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">from lymphoma patients, thenserum were separated and tested for detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies using commercially available kits foran advanced serological diagnostic of Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA)</span></span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi;background:white">.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi">Results:</span></b><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt;&#10;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">HCV seropositivity was 2.8 %, where the male and female seropositivity were 3.0 % and 2.2% respectively, and based on age group categories the high rate was found among male young middle age 4.3%, and the HCV seropositivity was3.2%.among patients under chemotherapy. Risk factor for contracting HCV infection with dental visit, blood transfusion and clinic visit <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;</span>which ranged in descending order from higher 3.7% to lower 3.5% respectively. According to type of lymphoma the prevalence rate was 3.9% of HCV among the non-hodgkin&rsquo;s lymphoma (NHL), particularly B-cell NHL types and the geographical variations rate 3.7% was found among patients from Taiz province.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Conclusions:</b>HCV prevalence in patients with B-NHL is approximately 3.9% suggesting a role of HCV in the etiology of B-NHL.This study will be helpful to the health care policy makers to design strategies plan for controlling and eradication of Hepatitis C infection in Yemen and m<em><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:&#10;&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;&#10;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;background:white;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;&#10;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">ore</span></em><span style="background:white">&nbsp;efforts are&nbsp;<em><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:&#10;major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">needed</span></em>&nbsp;to provide proper educating and training of the ideal&nbsp;<em><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;&#10;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">infection control</span></em>&nbsp;measures for&nbsp;dental clinic. </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>