Volume : 7, Issue : 5, May - 2018

GENDER DETERMINATION: THE GREAT HOLE AND THE PYRAMIDAL HOLLOW IN FORENSICS- A 3D CBCT STUDY

Dr. Anitha Raghunathan, Dr. K. Saraswathi Gopal

Abstract :

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:&#10;justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;mso-layout-grid-align:&#10;none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">INTRODUCTION</span></u></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">: Identification of skeletal and decomposing human remains is one of the most difficult skills in forensics. Estimation of gender of skeletal remains is an essential element of any medicolegal investigation. Human skeleton shows sexually dimorphic traits, and estimation of gender of skeletal remains is thus, based on morphological and morphometric examination.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;&#10;line-height:200%"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">AIM</span></u></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">: To determine the presence of sexual dimorphism in Foramen Magnum and Maxillary Sinus of live South Indian individuals using Cone beam Computed Tomography.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:&#10;justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;mso-layout-grid-align:&#10;none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">MATERIALS AND METHODS:</span></u></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:&#10;200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> This retrospective study consisted of CBCT images of 50 patients (25 males and 25 females). 3D images of the patients were assessed where, Foramen Magnum measurements (anteroposterior dimension and transverse dimension), circumference and area were obtained from reformatted axial sections and <span style="color:black;background:white">dimensions of right and left maxillary sinuses (craniocaudal dimension, mediolateral dimension, anteroposterior dimension) and volume were measured in coronal and sagittal sections using Romexis software.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:&#10;justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;mso-layout-grid-align:&#10;none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">RESULTS:</span></u></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> The morphometric measurements of the foramen magnum and maxillary sinus facilitate determination of gender.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:&#10;justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;mso-layout-grid-align:&#10;none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;color:black;background:white">CONCLUSION</span></u></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;&#10;color:black;background:white">:</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size:12.0pt;&#10;line-height:200%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">. As crimes have become increasingly sophisticated, new forensic investigation techniques need to be improved and developed following emergence of new advanced imaging and technological resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p>